Usage.options
struct Usage
static immutable
auto options =
[Option("allinst", "generate code for all template instantiations"), Option("betterC", "omit generating some runtime information and helper functions", "Adjusts the compiler to implement D as a $(LINK2 $(ROOT_DIR)spec/betterc.html, better C):
$(UL
$(LI Predefines `D_BetterC` $(LINK2 $(ROOT_DIR)spec/version.html#predefined-versions, version).)
$(LI $(LINK2 $(ROOT_DIR)spec/expression.html#AssertExpression, Assert Expressions), when they fail,
call the C runtime library assert failure function
rather than a function in the D runtime.)
$(LI $(LINK2 $(ROOT_DIR)spec/arrays.html#bounds, Array overflows)
call the C runtime library assert failure function
rather than a function in the D runtime.)
$(LI $(LINK2 spec/statement.html#final-switch-statement/, Final switch errors)
call the C runtime library assert failure function
rather than a function in the D runtime.)
$(LI Does not automatically link with phobos runtime library.)
$(UNIX
$(LI Does not generate Dwarf `eh_frame` with full unwinding information, i.e. exception tables
are not inserted into `eh_frame`.)
)
$(LI Module constructors and destructors are not generated meaning that
$(LINK2 $(ROOT_DIR)spec/class.html#StaticConstructor, static) and
$(LINK2 $(ROOT_DIR)spec/class.html#SharedStaticConstructor, shared static constructors) and
$(LINK2 $(ROOT_DIR)spec/class.html#StaticDestructor, destructors)
will not get called.)
$(LI `ModuleInfo` is not generated.)
$(LI $(LINK2 $(ROOT_DIR)phobos/object.html#.TypeInfo, `TypeInfo`)
instances will not be generated for structs.)
)"), Option("boundscheck=[on|safeonly|off]", "bounds checks on, in @safe only, or off", `Controls if bounds checking is enabled.
$(UL
$(LI $(I on): Bounds checks are enabled for all code. This is the default.)
$(LI $(I safeonly): Bounds checks are enabled only in $(D @safe) code.
This is the default for $(SWLINK -release) builds.)
$(LI $(I off): Bounds checks are disabled completely (even in $(D @safe)
code). This option should be used with caution and as a
last resort to improve performance. Confirm turning off
$(D @safe) bounds checks is worthwhile by benchmarking.)
)`), Option("c", "compile only, do not link"), Option("check=[assert|bounds|in|invariant|out|switch][=[on|off]]", "enable or disable specific checks", `Overrides default, -boundscheck, -release and -unittest options to enable or disable specific checks.
$(UL
$(LI $(B assert): assertion checking)
$(LI $(B bounds): array bounds)
$(LI $(B in): in contracts)
$(LI $(B invariant): class/struct invariants)
$(LI $(B out): out contracts)
$(LI $(B switch): finalswitch failure checking)
)
$(UL
$(LI $(B on) or not specified: specified check is enabled.)
$(LI $(B off): specified check is disabled.)
)`), Option("check=[h|help|?]", "list information on all available checks"), Option("checkaction=[D|C|halt|context]", "behavior on assert/boundscheck/finalswitch failure", `Sets behavior when an assert fails, and array boundscheck fails,
or a final switch errors.
$(UL
$(LI $(B D): Default behavior, which throws an unrecoverable $(D AssertError).)
$(LI $(B C): Calls the C runtime library assert failure function.)
$(LI $(B halt): Executes a halt instruction, terminating the program.)
$(LI $(B context): Prints the error context as part of the unrecoverable $(D AssertError).)
)`), Option("checkaction=[h|help|?]", "list information on all available check actions"), Option("color", "turn colored console output on"), Option("color=[on|off|auto]", "force colored console output on or off, or only when not redirected (default)", `Show colored console output. The default depends on terminal capabilities.
$(UL
$(LI $(B auto): use colored output if a tty is detected (default))
$(LI $(B on): always use colored output.)
$(LI $(B off): never use colored output.)
)`), Option("conf=<filename>", "use config file at filename"), Option("cov", "do code coverage analysis"), Option("cov=ctfe", "Include code executed during CTFE in coverage report"), Option("cov=<nnn>", "require at least nnn% code coverage", `Perform $(LINK2 $(ROOT_DIR)code_coverage.html, code coverage analysis) and generate
$(TT .lst) file with report.)
---
dmd -cov -unittest myprog.d
---
`), Option("cpp=<filename>", "use filename as the name of the C preprocessor to use for ImportC files", `Normally the C preprocessor used by the associated C compiler is used to
preprocess ImportC files,
this is overridden by the $(TT -cpp) switch.`), Option("D", "generate documentation", `$(P Generate $(LINK2 $(ROOT_DIR)spec/ddoc.html, documentation) from source.)
$(P Note: mind the $(LINK2 $(ROOT_DIR)spec/ddoc.html#security, security considerations).)
`), Option("Dd<directory>", "write documentation file to directory", `Write documentation file to $(I directory) . $(SWLINK -op)
can be used if the original package hierarchy should
be retained`), Option("Df<filename>", "write documentation file to filename"), Option("d", "silently allow deprecated features and symbols", `Silently allow $(DDLINK deprecate,deprecate,deprecated features) and use of symbols with
$(DDSUBLINK $(ROOT_DIR)spec/attribute, deprecated, deprecated attributes).`), Option("de", "issue an error when deprecated features or symbols are used (halt compilation)"), Option("dw", "issue a message when deprecated features or symbols are used (default)"), Option("debug", "compile in debug code", `Compile in $(LINK2 spec/version.html#debug, debug) code`), Option("debug=<level>", "compile in debug code <= level", `Compile in $(LINK2 spec/version.html#debug, debug level) <= $(I level)`), Option("debug=<ident>", "compile in debug code identified by ident", `Compile in $(LINK2 spec/version.html#debug, debug identifier) $(I ident)`), Option("debuglib=<name>", "set symbolic debug library to name", `Link in $(I libname) as the default library when
compiling for symbolic debugging instead of $(B $(LIB)).
If $(I libname) is not supplied, then no default library is linked in.`), Option("defaultlib=<name>", "set default library to name", `Link in $(I libname) as the default library when
not compiling for symbolic debugging instead of $(B $(LIB)).
If $(I libname) is not supplied, then no default library is linked in.`), Option("deps", "print module dependencies (imports/file/version/debug/lib)"), Option("deps=<filename>", "write module dependencies to filename (only imports)", `Without $(I filename), print module dependencies
(imports/file/version/debug/lib).
With $(I filename), write module dependencies as text to $(I filename)
(only imports).`), Option("extern-std=<standard>", "set C++ name mangling compatibility with <standard>", "Standards supported are:
$(UL
$(LI $(I c++98): Use C++98 name mangling,
Sets `__traits(getTargetInfo, \"cppStd\")` to `199711`)
$(LI $(I c++11) (default): Use C++11 name mangling,
Sets `__traits(getTargetInfo, \"cppStd\")` to `201103`)
$(LI $(I c++14): Use C++14 name mangling,
Sets `__traits(getTargetInfo, \"cppStd\")` to `201402`)
$(LI $(I c++17): Use C++17 name mangling,
Sets `__traits(getTargetInfo, \"cppStd\")` to `201703`)
$(LI $(I c++20): Use C++20 name mangling,
Sets `__traits(getTargetInfo, \"cppStd\")` to `202002`)
)"), Option("extern-std=[h|help|?]", "list all supported standards"), Option("fPIC", "generate position independent code", cast(TargetOS)(TargetOS.all & ~(TargetOS.Windows | TargetOS.OSX))), Option("fPIE", "generate position independent executables", cast(TargetOS)(TargetOS.all & ~(TargetOS.Windows | TargetOS.OSX))), Option("g", "add symbolic debug info", `$(WINDOWS
Add CodeView symbolic debug info. See
$(LINK2 https://dlang.org/windbg.html, Debugging on Windows).
)
$(UNIX
Add symbolic debug info in DWARF format
for debuggers such as
$(D gdb)
)`), Option("gdwarf=<version>", "add DWARF symbolic debug info", "The value of version may be 3, 4 or 5, defaulting to 3.", cast(TargetOS)(TargetOS.all & ~cast(uint)TargetOS.Windows)), Option("gf", "emit debug info for all referenced types", `Symbolic debug info is emitted for all types referenced by the compiled code,
even if the definition is in an imported file not currently being compiled.`), Option("gs", "always emit stack frame"), Option("gx", "add stack stomp code", `Adds stack stomp code, which overwrites the stack frame memory upon function exit.`), Option("H", "generate 'header' file", `Generate $(RELATIVE_LINK2 $(ROOT_DIR)interface-files, D interface file)`), Option("Hd=<directory>", "write 'header' file to directory", `Write D interface file to $(I dir) directory. $(SWLINK -op)
can be used if the original package hierarchy should
be retained.`), Option("Hf=<filename>", "write 'header' file to filename"), Option("HC[=[silent|verbose]]", "generate C++ 'header' file", `Generate C++ 'header' files using the given configuration:",
$(DL
$(DT silent)$(DD only list extern(C[++]) declarations (default))
$(DT verbose)$(DD also add comments for ignored declarations (e.g. extern(D)))
)`), Option("HC=[?|h|help]", "list available modes for C++ 'header' file generation"), Option("HCd=<directory>", "write C++ 'header' file to directory"), Option("HCf=<filename>", "write C++ 'header' file to filename"), Option("-help", "print help and exit"), Option("I=<directory>", "look for imports also in directory"), Option("i[=<pattern>]", "include imported modules in the compilation", q"{$(P Enables "include imports" mode, where the compiler will include imported
modules in the compilation, as if they were given on the command line. By default, when
this option is enabled, all imported modules are included except those in
druntime/phobos. This behavior can be overriden by providing patterns via `-i=<pattern>`.
A pattern of the form `-i=<package>` is an "inclusive pattern", whereas a pattern
of the form `-i=-<package>` is an "exclusive pattern". Inclusive patterns will include
all module's whose names match the pattern, whereas exclusive patterns will exclude them.
For example. all modules in the package `foo.bar` can be included using `-i=foo.bar` or excluded
using `-i=-foo.bar`. Note that each component of the fully qualified name must match the
pattern completely, so the pattern `foo.bar` would not match a module named `foo.barx`.)
$(P The default behavior of excluding druntime/phobos is accomplished by internally adding a
set of standard exclusions, namely, `-i=-std -i=-core -i=-etc -i=-object`. Note that these
can be overriden with `-i=std -i=core -i=etc -i=object`.)
$(P When a module matches multiple patterns, matches are prioritized by their component length, where
a match with more components takes priority (i.e. pattern `foo.bar.baz` has priority over `foo.bar`).)
$(P By default modules that don't match any pattern will be included. However, if at
least one inclusive pattern is given, then modules not matching any pattern will
be excluded. This behavior can be overriden by usig `-i=.` to include by default or `-i=-.` to
exclude by default.)
$(P Note that multiple `-i=...` options are allowed, each one adds a pattern.)}"), Option("ignore", "ignore unsupported pragmas"), Option("inline", "do function inlining", `Inline functions at the discretion of the compiler.
This can improve performance, at the expense of making
it more difficult to use a debugger on it.`), Option("J=<directory>", "look for string imports also in directory", `Where to look for files for
$(LINK2 $(ROOT_DIR)spec/expression.html#ImportExpression, $(I ImportExpression))s.
This switch is required in order to use $(I ImportExpression)s.
$(I path) is a ; separated
list of paths. Multiple $(B -J)'s can be used, and the paths
are searched in the same order.`), Option("L=<linkerflag>", "pass linkerflag to link", `Pass $(I linkerflag) to the
$(WINDOWS linker $(OPTLINK))
$(UNIX linker), for example, ld`), Option("lib", "generate library rather than object files", `Generate library file as output instead of object file(s).
All compiled source files, as well as object files and library
files specified on the command line, are inserted into
the output library.
Compiled source modules may be partitioned into several object
modules to improve granularity.
The name of the library is taken from the name of the first
source module to be compiled. This name can be overridden with
the $(SWLINK -of) switch.`), Option("lowmem", "enable garbage collection for the compiler", `Enable the garbage collector for the compiler, reducing the
compiler memory requirements but increasing compile times.`), Option("m32", "generate 32 bit code", `$(UNIX Compile a 32 bit executable. This is the default for the 32 bit dmd.)`, cast(TargetOS)(TargetOS.all & ~cast(uint)TargetOS.DragonFlyBSD)), Option("m32mscoff", "generate 32 bit code and write MS-COFF object files (deprecated use -m32)", TargetOS.Windows), Option("m32omf", "(deprecated) generate 32 bit code and write OMF object files", `$(WINDOWS Compile a 32 bit executable. The generated object code is in OMF and is meant to be used with the
$(LINK2 http://www.digitalmars.com/download/freecompiler.html, Digital Mars C/C++ compiler)).`, TargetOS.Windows), Option("m64", "generate 64 bit code", `$(UNIX Compile a 64 bit executable. This is the default for the 64 bit dmd.)
$(WINDOWS The generated object code is in MS-COFF and is meant to be used with the
$(LINK2 https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd831853(v=vs.100).aspx, Microsoft Visual Studio 10)
or later compiler.`), Option("main", "add default main() if not present already (e.g. for unittesting)", `Add a default $(D main()) function when compiling. This is useful when
unittesting a library, as it enables running the unittests
in a library without having to manually define an entry-point function.`), Option("makedeps[=<filename>]", "print dependencies in Makefile compatible format to filename or stdout.", `Print dependencies in Makefile compatible format.
If filename is omitted, it prints to stdout.
The emitted targets are the compiled artifacts (executable, object files, libraries).
The emitted dependencies are imported modules and imported string files (via $(B -J) switch).
Special characters in a dependency or target filename are escaped in the GNU Make manner.
`), Option("man", "open web browser on manual page", `$(WINDOWS
Open default browser on this page
)
$(LINUX
Open browser specified by the $(B BROWSER)
environment variable on this page. If $(B BROWSER) is
undefined, $(B x-www-browser) is assumed.
)
$(FREEBSD
Open browser specified by the $(B BROWSER)
environment variable on this page. If $(B BROWSER) is
undefined, $(B x-www-browser) is assumed.
)
$(OSX
Open browser specified by the $(B BROWSER)
environment variable on this page. If $(B BROWSER) is
undefined, $(B Safari) is assumed.
)`), Option("map", "generate linker .map file", `Generate a $(TT .map) file`), Option("mcpu=<id>", "generate instructions for architecture identified by 'id'", `Set the target architecture for code generation,
where:
$(DL
$(DT help)$(DD list alternatives)
$(DT baseline)$(DD the minimum architecture for the target platform (default))
$(DT avx)$(DD
generate $(LINK2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Vector_Extensions, AVX)
instructions instead of $(LINK2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_SIMD_Extensions, SSE)
instructions for vector and floating point operations.
Not available for 32 bit memory models other than OSX32.
)
$(DT native)$(DD use the architecture the compiler is running on)
)`), Option("mcpu=[h|help|?]", "list all architecture options"), Option("mixin=<filename>", "expand and save mixins to file specified by <filename>"), Option("mscrtlib=<libname>", "MS C runtime library to reference from main/WinMain/DllMain", "If building MS-COFF object files when targeting Windows, embed a reference to
the given C runtime library $(I libname) into the object file containing `main`,
`DllMain` or `WinMain` for automatic linking. The default is $(TT libcmt)
(release version with static linkage), the other usual alternatives are
$(TT libcmtd), $(TT msvcrt) and $(TT msvcrtd).
If no Visual C installation is detected, a wrapper for the redistributable
VC2010 dynamic runtime library and mingw based platform import libraries will
be linked instead using the LLD linker provided by the LLVM project.
The detection can be skipped explicitly if $(TT msvcrt120) is specified as
$(I libname).
If $(I libname) is empty, no C runtime library is automatically linked in.", TargetOS.Windows), Option("mv=<package.module>=<filespec>", "use <filespec> as source file for <package.module>", `Use $(I path/filename) as the source file for $(I package.module).
This is used when the source file path and names are not the same
as the package and module hierarchy.
The rightmost components of the $(I path/filename) and $(I package.module)
can be omitted if they are the same.`), Option("noboundscheck", "no array bounds checking (deprecated, use -boundscheck=off)", `Turns off all array bounds checking, even for safe functions. $(RED Deprecated
(use $(TT $(SWLINK -boundscheck)=off) instead).)`), Option("O", "optimize", `Optimize generated code. For fastest executables, compile
with the $(TT $(SWLINK -O) $(SWLINK -release) $(SWLINK -inline) $(SWLINK -boundscheck)=off)
switches together.`), Option("o-", "do not write object file", `Suppress generation of object file. Useful in
conjuction with $(SWLINK -D) or $(SWLINK -H) flags.`), Option("od=<directory>", "write object & library files to directory", `Write object files relative to directory $(I objdir)
instead of to the current directory. $(SWLINK -op)
can be used if the original package hierarchy should
be retained`), Option("of=<filename>", "name output file to filename", `Set output file name to $(I filename) in the output
directory. The output file can be an object file,
executable file, or library file depending on the other
switches.`), Option("op", "preserve source path for output files", `Normally the path for $(B .d) source files is stripped
off when generating an object, interface, or Ddoc file
name. $(SWLINK -op) will leave it on.`), Option("os=<os>", "sets target operating system to <os>", `Set the target operating system as other than the host.
$(UL
$(LI $(I host): Target the host operating system (default).)
$(LI $(I dragonflybsd): DragonFlyBSD)
$(LI $(I freebsd): FreeBSD)
$(LI $(I linux): Linux)
$(LI $(I openbsd): OpenBSD)
$(LI $(I osx): OSX)
$(LI $(I solaris): Solaris)
$(LI $(I windows): Windows)
)`), Option("P=<preprocessorflag>", "pass preprocessorflag to C preprocessor", `Pass $(I preprocessorflag) to
$(WINDOWS sppn.exe or cl.exe)
$(UNIX cpp)`), Option("preview=<name>", "enable an upcoming language change identified by 'name'", `Preview an upcoming language change identified by $(I id)`), Option("preview=[h|help|?]", "list all upcoming language changes"), Option("profile", "profile runtime performance of generated code", `Instrument the generated code so that runtime performance data is collected
when the generated program is run.
Upon completion of the generated program, the files $(TT trace.log) and $(TT trace.def)
are generated. $(TT trace.log) has two sections,
$(OL
$(LI Fan in and fan out for each profiled function. The name of the function is left-justified,
the functions immediately preceding it are the other functions that call it (fan in) and how many times
it is called. The functions immediately following are the functions that are called (fan out) and how
many times it calls that function. The function itself has 3 numbers appended: the aggregate of the fan in counts,
the tree time used by the function which is the function time plus the tree times of all the functions it calls,
and the time used excluding
the time used by fan out.
)
$(LI Timing data for each function, sorted from most used to least.)
)
The $(TT trace.def) file contains linker commands to associate functions which are strongly coupled
so they appear adjacent in the resulting executable file.
For more information see $(LINK2 https://www.digitalmars.com/ctg/trace.html, profile)
`), Option("profile=gc", "profile runtime allocations", `$(UL
$(LI $(B gc): Instrument calls to GC memory allocation and
write a report to the file $(TT profilegc.log) upon program
termination. $(B Note:) Only instrumented calls will be
logged. These include:
$(UL
$(LI Language constructs that allocate memory)
$(LI Phobos functions that allocate GC memory)
$(LI GC allocations via core.memory.GC)
)
Allocations made by other means will not be logged,
including direct calls to the GC's C API.)
)`), Option("release", "contracts and asserts are not emitted, and bounds checking is performed only in @safe functions", `Compile release version, which means not emitting run-time
checks for contracts and asserts. Array bounds checking is not
done for system and trusted functions, and assertion failures
are undefined behaviour.`), Option("revert=<name>", "revert language change identified by 'name'", `Revert language change identified by $(I id)`), Option("revert=[h|help|?]", "list all revertable language changes"), Option("run <srcfile>", "compile, link, and run the program srcfile", `Compile, link, and run the program $(I srcfile) with the
rest of the
command line, $(I args...), as the arguments to the program.
No .$(OBJEXT) or executable file is left behind.`), Option("shared", "generate shared library (DLL)", `$(UNIX Generate shared library)
$(WINDOWS Generate DLL library)`), Option("target=<triple>", "use <triple> as <arch>-[<vendor>-]<os>[-<cenv>[-<cppenv]]", "$(I arch) is the architecture: either `x86`, `x64`, `x86_64` or `x32`,
$(I vendor) is always ignored, but supported for easier interoperability,
$(I os) is the operating system, this may have a trailing version number:
`freestanding` for no operating system,
`darwin` or `osx` for MacOS, `dragonfly` or `dragonflybsd` for DragonflyBSD,
`freebsd`, `openbsd`, `linux`, `solaris` or `windows` for their respective operating systems.
$(I cenv) is the C runtime environment and is optional: `musl` for musl-libc,
`msvc` for the MSVC runtime (the default for windows with this option),
`bionic` for the Andriod libc, `digital_mars` for the Digital Mars runtime for Windows
`gnu` or `glibc` for the GCC C runtime, `newlib` or `uclibc` for their respective C runtimes.
($ I cppenv) is the C++ runtime environment: `clang` for the LLVM C++ runtime
`gcc` for GCC's C++ runtime, `msvc` for microsoft's MSVC C++ runtime (the default for windows with this switch),
`sun` for Sun's C++ runtime and `digital_mars` for the Digital Mars C++ runtime for windows.
"), Option("transition=<name>", "help with language change identified by 'name'", `Show additional info about language change identified by $(I id)`), Option("transition=[h|help|?]", "list all language changes"), Option("unittest", "compile in unit tests", `Compile in $(LINK2 spec/unittest.html, unittest) code, turns on asserts, and sets the
$(D unittest) $(LINK2 spec/version.html#PredefinedVersions, version identifier)`), Option("v", "verbose", `Enable verbose output for each compiler pass`), Option("vasm", "list generated assembler for each function"), Option("vcolumns", "print character (column) numbers in diagnostics"), Option("verror-style=[digitalmars|gnu]", "set the style for file/line number annotations on compiler messages", `Set the style for file/line number annotations on compiler messages,
where:
$(DL
$(DT digitalmars)$(DD 'file(line[,column]): message'. This is the default.)
$(DT gnu)$(DD 'file:line[:column]: message', conforming to the GNU standard used by gcc and clang.)
)`), Option("verror-supplements=<num>", "limit the number of supplemental messages for each error (0 means unlimited)"), Option("verrors=<num>", "limit the number of error messages (0 means unlimited)"), Option("verrors=context", "show error messages with the context of the erroring source line"), Option("verrors=spec", "show errors from speculative compiles such as __traits(compiles,...)"), Option("-version", "print compiler version and exit"), Option("version=<level>", "compile in version code >= level", `Compile in $(LINK2 $(ROOT_DIR)spec/version.html#version, version level) >= $(I level)`), Option("version=<ident>", "compile in version code identified by ident", `Compile in $(LINK2 $(ROOT_DIR)spec/version.html#version, version identifier) $(I ident)`), Option("vgc", "list all gc allocations including hidden ones"), Option("vtls", "list all variables going into thread local storage"), Option("vtemplates=[list-instances]", "list statistics on template instantiations", `An optional argument determines extra diagnostics,
where:
$(DL
$(DT list-instances)$(DD Also shows all instantiation contexts for each template.)
)`), Option("w", "warnings as errors (compilation will halt)", `Enable $(LINK2 $(ROOT_DIR)articles/warnings.html, warnings)`), Option("wi", "warnings as messages (compilation will continue)", `Enable $(LINK2 $(ROOT_DIR)articles/warnings.html, informational warnings (i.e. compilation
still proceeds normally))`), Option("X", "generate JSON file"), Option("Xf=<filename>", "write JSON file to filename"), Option("Xcc=<driverflag>", "pass driverflag to linker driver (cc)", "Pass $(I driverflag) to the linker driver (`$CC` or `cc`)", cast(TargetOS)(TargetOS.all & ~cast(uint)TargetOS.Windows))];
dmd cli Usage
static variablesstructs
Returns all available CLI options